The European Union is facing various new challenges in energy policy, especially related to security of supply, renewable energy transition and dependence on fossil energy. In facing the post-pandemic global energy crisis and geopolitical tensions, one of the European Union’s main focuses is increasing energy security. Measures such as diversification of energy sources, investment in energy infrastructure, and development of green technologies have become urgent. One of the biggest challenges is the European Union’s dependence on natural gas from Russia. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 triggered a spike in energy prices and pressure to find alternatives. The European Union is committed to reducing this dependence by strengthening ties with other energy producing countries such as the US, Qatar and Norway. In addition, investment in renewable energy projects such as wind power, solar and green hydrogen is a priority to achieve a more sustainable energy policy. On the other hand, the transition to renewable energy requires better technology and large financial investments. Initiatives such as the European Green Deal aim to reduce carbon emissions and encourage the use of clean energy, but their implementation still faces many challenges. For example, building adequate grid infrastructure to cope with fluctuations in renewable energy production is essential to support interconnection between member countries. Regulations and policies also play an important role in creating an environment that supports renewable energy investment. The European Union implements policies such as the Emission Trading System (ETS) which provides incentives to reduce carbon emissions. This policy encourages companies to innovate in environmentally friendly technologies, increase energy efficiency and reduce waste. Digital transformation also has a significant impact on energy policy. The use of intelligent technology in energy demand management, as well as data-based energy management systems, enables greater efficiency. Smart grids and digital metering help member countries monitor energy consumption more effectively. Energy security depends not only on energy sources, but also on diversifying the energy portfolio. The European Union is seeking to integrate various energy sources, including nuclear power and renewables, to produce a more stable and reliable mix. Respectful policies towards some traditional energy sources help maintain a balance between current energy needs and future sustainability. The European Union also prioritizes international collaboration to overcome energy challenges. Through multilateral agreements such as the Paris Agreement, member countries are committed to reducing global emissions. Cooperation in clean energy technologies, such as joint research and development, is key to achieving these ambitious targets. Social and economic issues cannot be ignored in energy policy. Communities must be involved in this transition process to ensure social justice and prevent negative impacts, especially on vulnerable groups. Subsidy policies for renewable energy and training programs for jobs in the green sector are expected to provide economic benefits while supporting a just transition. It is important to assess the long-term impacts of climate change. The extreme weather crisis affects energy production and energy needs, so energy policies must be adaptive. Infrastructure projects must be resilient to the impacts of climate change, including raising standards for disaster resilience. The application of circular principles in the renewable energy economy is also becoming increasingly important. Reducing waste and recycling materials in the production and use of energy technology can help lighten the environmental burden and reduce costs. Sustainability must be at the core of every energy policy taken by the European Union to create a more resilient and inclusive energy system.